{"id":16,"date":"2005-02-25T19:17:39","date_gmt":"2005-02-25T19:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/?p=16"},"modified":"2024-04-24T17:58:43","modified_gmt":"2024-04-24T17:58:43","slug":"23-nisan-1920-gunu-ankaradan-yukselen-ses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/?p=16","title":{"rendered":"23 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc Ankara\u2019dan y\u00fckselen ses:"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ertan \u00dcNAL<\/strong><\/a><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eubat 2005<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c EGEMENL\u0130K KAYITSIZ \u015eARTSIZ M\u0130LLET\u0130ND\u0130R ! \u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ankara Milletvekili Mustafa Kemal, 23 Nisan\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flayan mecliste yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201c Bu meclis, T\u00fcrk Milleti i\u00e7in \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 yapacak ve onun neticesinde milletin istedi\u011fi devleti kuracak olan milli meclistir\u201d diyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     Mustafa Kemal, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ulusundan alan milli bir meclisin toplanmas\u0131 fikrini daha 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a ayak basarken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na giden yolda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olan Erzurum Kongresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201c Arkada\u015flar ilk tedbir, milli egemenli\u011fe dayal\u0131, kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z bir T\u00fcrk Devleti kurmak ve bu hedefe mutlaka eri\u015fmektir\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     16 Mart 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan kan d\u00f6k\u00fclerek i\u015fgali, Osmanl\u0131 Millet Meclisi\u2019nden baz\u0131 Milletvekillerinin, S\u0131vas Milletvekilleri Kara Vas\u0131f Bey\u2019le H\u00fcseyin Rauf Bey\u2019in silah zoruyla al\u0131n\u0131p, kentte tutuklanan baz\u0131 vatanseverlerle birlikte Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmesi, daha sonra bu tutumu protesto i\u00e7in meclisin da\u011f\u0131lma karar\u0131 almas\u0131 ve feshi Mustafa Kemal\u2019i sarsmakla birlikte  bekledi\u011fi f\u0131rsat i\u00e7in zemin olu\u015fturdu. Bir konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201c\u0130ngilizlerin b\u00f6yle bir gaflete d\u00fc\u015feceklerini sanm\u0131yordum. \u201cdiyen Mustafa Kemal i\u015fgali protesto ettikten sonra 19 Mart 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc Heyet-i Temsiliye ad\u0131na Ankara\u2019dan Kolordu Komutanlar\u0131 ve Valilere g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi genelgeyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede se\u00e7im yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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HER \u0130LDEN BE\u015e K\u0130\u015e\u0130 SE\u00c7\u0130L\u0130YOR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     Genelgede \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle deniliyordu:  \u201c \u0130\u015fgal, y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yasama ve yarg\u0131lama g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden meydana gelen devletin milli g\u00fc\u00e7lerini kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, meclisi da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Binaenaleyh ( Bundan dolay\u0131 ) devlet merkezinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flacak tedbirleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp uygulayacak yetkiye sahip bir meclisin Ankara\u2019da toplanmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan meb\u2019uslardan ( Milletvekillerinden) Ankara \u2018ya gelebilecek olanlar\u0131n bu meclise kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 gereklidir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Genelgede ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imle ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar da yeral\u0131yordu. Buna g\u00f6re her livadan (ilden) be\u015fer mebus se\u00e7ilecek, Meclis Ankara\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lacak, Se\u00e7im 15 g\u00fcnde bitirilmi\u015f olacak, Se\u00e7imlere ikinci se\u00e7menlerle birlikte belediye ve Umumi Meclis \u00fcyeleri de kat\u0131lacak, ayr\u0131ca \u0130stanbul\u2019da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan meclisten Anadoluya ge\u00e7en mebuslar\u0131n, mebusluk haklar\u0131 tan\u0131narak  bu meclise kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 kabul edilecekti. B\u00f6lgelerinde se\u00e7ilmek isteyenlerin en az 300 se\u00e7menin imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir listeyi de se\u00e7im kuruluna vermeleri gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Mustafa Kemal\u2019in  bu genelgesi \u00fczerine \u00f6zellikle M\u00fcdafa-i Hukuk Cemiyetinin faaliyette bulundu\u011fu yerlerde se\u00e7im haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. Ama i\u015f sadece se\u00e7imle bitmiyordu. Meclis. Ankara\u2019da nerede toplanacakt\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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MECL\u0130SE YER ARANIYOR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     Herkes seferber oldu, Ankara\u2019da en az 400 ki\u015finin toplanaca\u011f\u0131 bir yer aranmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. O g\u00fcne kadar \u00e7ok ihmal edilmi\u015f, adeta bozk\u0131r\u0131n ortas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Anadolu kasabas\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran Ankara\u2019da mevcut binalar i\u00e7inde b\u00f6ylesine y\u00fcce bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lacak bir yap\u0131 yoktu. Sonunda – buna mucize eseri de  denilebilir – aranan bina bulundu. Bu bina, her \u015feyi tamam olan, ancak \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fclmemi\u015f bir yap\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin liderlerinden Enver Pa\u015fa, 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da kul\u00fcp i\u00e7in bir bina yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f, bu i\u015fle ilgili planlar\u0131 Saim Bey ad\u0131ndaki \u015fahsa \u00e7izdirmi\u015fti.Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l binay\u0131 yapmakla g\u00f6revlendirilen mimar Hasip Bey, Birinci Milli mimarl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin Ankara\u2019daki ilk \u00f6rneklerinden say\u0131labilecek yap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, daha sonra malzeme yoklu\u011fu, onu takiben de Hasip Bey\u2019in sava\u015fa gidip \u015fehit olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bina \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k halde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.22 metre x 43 metre boyutlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bina\u2019n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n  yenilgimizle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan sonra Ankara\u2019ya gelen bir Frans\u0131z m\u00fcfrezesinin komutan\u0131 bir s\u00fcre kalm\u0131\u015f, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Ankara\u2019ya geli\u015finden sonra ( 27 Aral\u0131k 1919 ) ise binay\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131p kentten ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Ulus\u2019taki bina d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle haz\u0131rd\u0131 ama \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve i\u00e7i de bombo\u015ftu. Ne milletvekillerinin oturaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralar, ne hatiplerin konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcrs\u00fc, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin geceye uzamas\u0131 halinde ne lamba ne de \u0131s\u0131tacak soba vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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ANKARA HALKI SEFERBER OLUYOR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     Mustafa Kemal, kente geldi\u011finden bu yana kurtulu\u015f ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck umutlar\u0131 daha da artan Ankaral\u0131lar yap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar haz\u0131r hale getirmek amac\u0131yla seferber oldular. Evlerin damlar\u0131ndan toplanan kiremitler arabalarla m\u00fcstakbel meclis binas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. G\u00fcnler s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucu \u00e7at\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc. Daha sonra \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu\u2019ndan milletvekillerinin oturaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralar sa\u011fland\u0131. Ba\u015fta Aynal\u0131 Kahve olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kahvehanelerden lambalar al\u0131nd\u0131. Ankaral\u0131 bir marangoz \u201cB\u00f6yle hay\u0131rl\u0131 bir i\u015ften para al\u0131nmaz, Bu da benim milletime hediyem olsun \u201c diyerek para almadan bir y\u00fcksek k\u00fcrs\u00fc yapt\u0131. Hattat Hulusi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131ca yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131  \u201c Hakimiyet Milletindir \u201c yaz\u0131s\u0131 da salona yerle\u015ftirildi. Binan\u0131n eksikleri hemen hemen tamamlanm\u0131\u015f gibiydi. Ancak mecliste g\u00f6rev alacak memurlar i\u00e7in de masa ve sandalye gerekiyordu. Onlar da Ankara Valili\u011finin emriyle resmi dairelerden sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u0130LLETVEK\u0130LLER\u0130 GEL\u0130YOR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     \u00dclkede se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ona ba\u011fl\u0131 kalan \u00e7evresindeki ki\u015fileri ve i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri komutanlar\u0131n\u0131 tela\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu olay\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131k isyan olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri de bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, bunun i\u00e7in her \u00e7areye ba\u015fvuruyorlard\u0131. Ancak t\u00fcm engelleme, k\u00f6t\u00fcleme ve kar\u015f\u0131 propaganda  \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ankara\u2019dan y\u00fckselen sese kulak veren Anadolu, kendisini temsil edecek milletvekillerini se\u00e7ip Ankara\u2019ya yolluyordu. Bu alanda ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 S\u0131vas, Kayseri, Tokat, Yozgat, Konya, Kastamonu atm\u0131\u015f, 29 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7tikleri milletvekillerini Ankara\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdi. Bu iller, nispeten Ankara\u2019ya yak\u0131n yerlerdi.  Ama ya uzak olanlar ? Oradan Ankara\u2019ya gelmek hayati bir sorundu. Do\u011fru, d\u00fcr\u00fcst yol yoktu, mevcut yollar da \u00e7etelerle kayn\u0131yordu. Nitekim 3 milletvekili daha Ankara\u2019ya gelmeden yolda \u00e7eteler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, Mente\u015fe\/Mu\u011fla Sanca\u011f\u0131ndan milletvekili se\u00e7ilen ve asilerle vuru\u015fa vuru\u015fa Ankara\u2019ya gelmekte olan 24. T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Mahmut Bey\u2019de Hendek\u2019te pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u015fehit edilmi\u015fti. Bu olaylar, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu arada kapat\u0131lan son Osmanl\u0131 meclisi\u2019nden 92 milletvekili de Ankara\u2019ya gitmek \u00fczere yollara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdi.  \u0130stanbul\u2019daki s\u0131k\u0131 kontrolleri ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015faran milletvekilleri g\u00fcnler s\u00fcren her an\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm tehlikesiyle dolu yolculuktan sonra Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda  son Osmanl\u0131 Meslis-i Mebusan Reisi Celalettin Arif Bey  de bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milletvekilleri Ankara\u2019ya gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 ama bu kez yatacak yer ve beslenme sorunu kendisini hissettirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O tarihlerde Ankara\u2019da kalacak yer olarak alt\u0131 ah\u0131r olan Ta\u015fhan, M\u00fchendis Han\u0131, Yozgat ve H\u00fcrriyet otelleri bulunmaktayd\u0131 ama bunlar\u0131n toplam kapasitesi 50-60 ki\u015fi kadard\u0131. \u00dcstelik odalarda karyola yoktu.Bir yer yata\u011f\u0131nda iki \u2013 \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi birden yat\u0131yordu. Bu arada TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye gelen \u0130ngiliz, Amerikal\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z baz\u0131 gazeteciler de ayn\u0131 otellerde  gayr\u0131s\u0131hhi \u015fartlara ra\u011fmen yer bulma tela\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7indeydiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelen milletvekillerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu otellere , bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretmen okuluna, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de ba\u011f evlerine yerle\u015ftirildi. Sona kalanlar ise \u0130stasyon yolu sonundaki \u00e7ay\u0131rl\u0131kta, atlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011ferlerini yast\u0131k yaparak gecelediler. Daha sonra bunlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131tmaya yakalanacakt\u0131. Bu arada hay\u0131rsever Ankara halk\u0131n\u0131n kucak a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 milletvekili say\u0131s\u0131 da az de\u011fildi. Milletvekillerinin yemek sorunu ise, Ankara M\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc ( Daha sonra Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ) R\u0131fat B\u00f6rek\u00e7i\u2019nin halktan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A\u00c7ILI\u015e PER\u015eEMBE\u2019DEN CUMAYA ALINIYOR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     \u0130stanbul\u2019da parlamentonun padi\u015fah karar\u0131 ile kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 11 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc, kente gelen milletvekilleriyle yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da Ankara yeni bir geli\u015fmeye sahne oluyor, Meclisin 22 Nisan Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ancak daha sonra bu karardan vazge\u00e7ildi, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fcne ertelenerek durum \u201c Gayet aceledir\u201d kayd\u0131yla ilgili yerlere duyuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u0130lk mecliste bulunan gazeteci – yazar  Yunus Nadi, \u201c Birinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u201c adl\u0131 eserinde bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin neden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Has\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z bizi ma\u011flup edebilmek i\u00e7in m\u00fcracaat ettikleri muhtelif silahlar i\u00e7inde dine ve \u015feriata dahi istinat ediyorlar (dayan\u0131yorlar) ve bizi \u015ferian asi ilan etmek hususunda  \u00e7ok ileri gidiyorlard\u0131. \u015eeyh\u00fclislaml\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131n fetvalar\u0131 hep bu esas ve maksatla tertip edilmi\u015fti. Halife beyannamelerinde hep bu esas ve maksada istinat ediliyordu. Damat Ferit bu yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Halbuki Ankara\u2019da vatan ve milletin halas ( kurtulu\u015f ) ve istiklali gayesi etraf\u0131nda toplanan zevat (ki\u015filer) din ve imandan tecerr\u00fct etmi\u015f ( uzak kalm\u0131\u015f, soyutlanm\u0131\u015f ) kimseler de\u011fildi. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ek din alimleri de bulunduktan ba\u015fka milletin halas ve istiklalinde elbette din ve \u015feriat\u0131n dahi a\u011fyar\u0131n ( D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ) ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda zelil  ( Hor g\u00f6r\u00fclen, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanan ) ve peri\u015fan edilmekten kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu da vard\u0131. Dine hizmet ve riayet bahsinde dahi en b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fcrmet mevkii elbette Ankara\u2019da toplanan fedakarlar taraf\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u0130ngilizlerle Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n lehine milleti bo\u011fmaya, mahvetmeye alet olanlar\u0131n dini a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na almalar\u0131 bile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en sefil al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek bu merkezdeyken \u0130stanbul\u2019un olanca redaetiyle ( Al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ) Ankara aleyhine milletin mukaddesat\u0131n\u0131 tahrik vesilesi yapmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Ankara\u2019n\u0131n laz\u0131m ve lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu gibi mukabele etmesi zarureti (zorululu\u011fu ) has\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. Bu c\u00fcmleden olarak meclisin k\u00fc\u015fad\u0131 ( a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ) g\u00fcn\u00fc Per\u015fembeden cumaya ge\u00e7irilerek \u00f6nce Hac\u0131 Bayram Camiinde Cuma namaz\u0131n\u0131n edas\u0131 ve oradan da o b\u00fcy\u00fck cemaatla ( toplulukla ) meclise gidilerek ruhani bir hava i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u015fad seremonisinin ( a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6reninin ) yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015fti\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin bir nedeni de  Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn haftasonu tatili olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sayede meclisin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n daha fazla olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmit ediliyordu ve  nitekim \u00f6yle oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130LK M\u0130LLETVEK\u0130LLER\u0130N\u0130N \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     \u0130lk meclise se\u00e7ilen milletvekilleri, ya\u015f, \u00f6\u011frenim durumu, ya\u015fama bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde birbirlerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131yd\u0131lar. \u0130lk mecliste g\u00f6rev yapan Ord. Prof. H\u0131fz\u0131 Veldet Velidedeo\u011flu , bu durumu \u201c \u0130lk meclis \u201c adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u015fu sat\u0131rlarla anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Bunlar\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, giysileri, ya\u015flar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel d\u00fczeyleri ve g\u00f6rg\u00fcleri ba\u015fka ba\u015fka ve \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik, beyaz sar\u0131kl\u0131, ak sakall\u0131, c\u00fcbbeli, eli tespihli hocalarla, p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l \u00fcniformal\u0131 gen\u00e7 subaylar, yazma veya \u015fal sar\u0131kl\u0131 a\u015firet beyleri, k\u00fclahl\u0131 a\u011falar ve kavuklu \u00e7elebilerle, Avrupa\u2019daki y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenimlerini bitirip yeni d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yeti\u015fmi\u015f, nokta b\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131 \u201c Kuvay\u0131 Milliye \u201c kalpakl\u0131 gen\u00e7ler yan yana oturuyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u2026 Ger\u00e7i milletvekillerinin k\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131yafetleri de\u011fi\u015fik, renk renk, \u00f6\u011frenimlerine ve yeti\u015fme ortamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce y\u00f6ntemleri de\u011fi\u015fik, ama g\u00f6n\u00fclleri ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131 bir. Ger\u00e7i Meclis binas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve e\u015fyas\u0131 g\u00f6steri\u015fsiz ama dava b\u00fcy\u00fck. Bu, T\u00fcrk ulusunun \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m davas\u0131\u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Meclis \u00fcyelerinin sosyal konumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re  ayr\u0131m\u0131nda ise ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 y\u00fczde 33 oran\u0131yla sivil b\u00fcrokrasiden gelen ki\u015filer, al\u0131yordu. \u0130kinci s\u0131rada ise y\u00fczde 25 oran\u0131yla serbest meslek sahipleri – ki bunlar aras\u0131nda 6 gazeteci de vard\u0131 \u2013 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada y\u00fczde 14 oran\u0131yla askerler, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada ise y\u00fczde 10 oran\u0131yla din adamlar\u0131 bulunmaktayd\u0131. E\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise y\u00fczde 60\u2019la y\u00fcksek okulu bitirenler ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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TAR\u0130H\u0130 G\u00dcN<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     Ankara 23 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc tarihinin en mutlu, en k\u0131van\u00e7l\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Daha sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinden itibaren genci, ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131, erke\u011fiyle binlerce ki\u015fi en temiz giysileri i\u00e7inde sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, sokaklarda yer bulamayanlar damlara, hatta  a\u011fa\u00e7 tepelerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle Hac\u0131 Bayram Camiinden meclisin toplanaca\u011f\u0131 binaya uzanan yol i\u011fne at\u0131lsa yere d\u00fc\u015fmeyecek kadar kalabal\u0131kla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kalabal\u0131kta yaln\u0131z Ankaral\u0131lar de\u011fil, meclisin a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenerek \u00e7evre il ve il\u00e7elerden gelen vatanseverler de vard\u0131. Yol boyunca \u00fczerinde Kur\u2019andan ayetler bulunan bayraklar as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f-, resmi binalara da ayy\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     B\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k, sanki m\u0131knat\u0131sla \u00e7ekiliyormu\u015fcas\u0131na vecd i\u00e7inde Hac\u0131 Bayram Camiine do\u011fru ak\u0131yordu. Camiinin i\u00e7ini dolduran kalabal\u0131k mermer avluya da ta\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na uyarak g\u00fcnler s\u00fcren yolculuktan sonra Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015fabilen 115 milletvekili ( Bu say\u0131 daha sonra 338\u2019e y\u00fckselecektir) halk\u0131n sevin\u00e7 g\u00f6sterileri ve tezah\u00fcrat\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek camiye geldiler ve Cuma namaz\u0131n\u0131 burada k\u0131ld\u0131lar. Burada hoca, hutbesinde al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir konuya de\u011findi. T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn kutsal topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eden d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fkent \u0130stanbul\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131 g\u00fcnleri anlat\u0131rken topluluktan h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131r\u0131k sesleri y\u00fckseliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Namazdan sonra milletvekilleri ba\u015flar\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal oldu\u011fu halde T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi binas\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan yap\u0131ya do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcrken topluluk tek bir kalp, tek bir v\u00fccut halinde ayn\u0131 heyecanla sars\u0131l\u0131yor, \u201cYa\u015fa , Varol \u201c sesleri g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckselirken kurbanlar kesiliyordu. Kimi kaynaklarda yer alan bilgilere g\u00f6re de meclisin giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131nda kesilen kurbanlar\u0131n kanlar\u0131 milletvekillerinin aln\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eER\u0130F BEY\u2019\u0130N KONU\u015eMASI<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     Meclisin ilk toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 saat 14.00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda en ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcye oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenen Sinop Milletvekili \u015eerif Bey a\u00e7t\u0131. Maarif M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden emekli, 75 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015eerif Bey, heyecandan titreyen bir sesle \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c \u0130stanbul\u2019un ge\u00e7ici kayd\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini ve hilafet makam\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi h\u00fcrriyetinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorsunuz.  Bu duruma boyun e\u011fmek, milletimiz i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6leli\u011fini kabul etmek demektir. Ancak ezelden beri \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u015famaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan milletimiz k\u00f6le olmay\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015f, d\u00fc\u015fmanlara \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015f ve kendi temsilcilerini sizleri vazife ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fcksek meclisin ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak  ve Tanr\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla ulusumuzun i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015fta tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde al\u0131nyaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu do\u011frudan do\u011fruya y\u00fcklenip kendisini y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya duyurarak B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisini a\u00e7\u0131yorum. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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MUSTAFA KEMAL K\u00dcRS\u00dcDE<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     \u015eerif Beyin konu\u015fmas\u0131, bir alk\u0131\u015f ya\u011fmurunun kopmas\u0131na neden olurken Heyet-i Temsiliye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Ankara Milletvekili Mustafa Kemal\u2019in s\u00f6z istedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.  Mustafa Kemal\u2019in konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131r aralar\u0131nda gelecekte kurulacak yeni T\u00fcrk Devletinin m\u00fcjdesi de yeral\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Y\u00fcce Meclisimiz hepinizce malumdur ki sonsuz ve mutlak yetkiler alarak yeniden se\u00e7ilen mebuslarla ( milletvekilleriyle) i\u015fgale u\u011frayan saltanat merkezinden kurtulup buraya gelen mebuslardan kuruludur.  Bu durumda olan ve gelecek milletvekilleriyle birlikte Y\u00fcce bir meclis vasf\u0131 ile kurulabilmesi ve i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi ancak yeni se\u00e7im sistemi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi. Bu anda meclis fiilen toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evvelce se\u00e7ilen  mebuslar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 yetki ile vazife g\u00f6rebilmesi i\u00e7in bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ifade etmek isterim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Biz burada Heyet-i Temsiliye\u2019nin kabul ve tatbik etti\u011fi se\u00e7im sistemi ile  milleti ger\u00e7ekten temsil ederek bir kurucu ve kurtar\u0131c\u0131 meclis h\u00fcviyeti i\u00e7inde topland\u0131k. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelenler bize kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 da i\u00e7imize alarak \u015fekli h\u00fcviyeti i\u00e7inde, ruhi ve felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fczeni olarak da onlar da bize kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlas\u0131nlar. Yani buras\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u0131 ( Osmanl\u0131 Millet Meclisi ) de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrk Milleti i\u00e7in \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 yapacak ve O\u2019nun neticesinde milletin istedi\u011fi devleti kuracak olan milli     meclistir. Onu bu \u015fekilde Padi\u015fah vesaire idaresi olmadan temsil eden meclis de bu B\u00fcy\u00fck Milletin Meclisidir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Daha sonra Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00f6nerisi \u00fczerine se\u00e7im mazbatalar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek \u00fczere iki komisyon se\u00e7iliyor, meclis ertesi g\u00fcn saat 10.00\u2019da toplanmak \u00fczere oturuma ara veriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Oturumun kapanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen milletvekillerinin \u00e7o\u011fu meclisten ayr\u0131lmad\u0131lar ve  binan\u0131n giri\u015finden soldan ilk odada ye\u015fil \u00e7uhal\u0131 bir masa \u00fczerinde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ilk ak\u015fam yeme\u011fini topluca yediler. Gaz lambalar\u0131n\u0131n titrek, solgun \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u201c Ekmek, peynir, zeytin ve helva\u2019dan \u201c olu\u015fan ak\u015fam yeme\u011fini yiyen milletvekilleri \u00fclke tarihinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bir g\u00fcn sonraki oturumda Mustafa Kemal, meclisin savunmas\u0131 gereken ilkeleri a\u00e7\u0131klayacak,\u201d Yeni olu\u015fmakta olan T\u00fcrk Devletinin anayasas\u0131 \u201csay\u0131labilecek bu ilkelerin kabul edilmesinden sonra Mustafa Kemal, Meclis Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilecekti. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan gizli oturumda ise Mustafa Kemal cephelerdeki son durumu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak anlatt\u0131ktan sonra \u201c Vatan\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in sonuna kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131ma m\u00fckaddesat\u0131m \u00fczerine s\u00f6z veriyorum \u201c diyerek yemin edecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u00dclkeyi \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve g\u00fczel g\u00fcnler bekliyordu\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Meclisin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izleyen Amerikal\u0131 Gazeteci anlat\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201c BU NAMAZIN \u00d6ZEL B\u0130R ANLAMI VARDI \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Tarih\u00e7i Na\u015fit Hakk\u0131 Ulu\u011f, Hayat Dergisi\u2019nde yay\u0131nlanan bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da 23 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Amerika\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan Chicago Tribune Gazetesi Muhabiri Paul Williams\u2019\u0131n da  izledi\u011fini, bu gen\u00e7 gazetecinin Mustafa Kemal\u2019den \u00f6zel beyanat almay\u0131 da ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6zeder. Gazetenin 6 May\u0131s 1920 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f haberi \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Bug\u00fcn sabah namaz\u0131na i\u015ftirak ettim. Bu namaz\u0131n \u00f6zel bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131. Kadim (eski) Merkez camiinin ( Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii ) seccadeler serili ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde generaller, askerler, hi\u00e7bir r\u00fctbe fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin bulduklar\u0131 yerde ba\u011fda\u015f kurarak hocan\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini dinliyorlard\u0131. Hoca, din konular\u0131 yerine g\u00fcn\u00fcn durumunu ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Konu\u015fmas\u0131 tam bir saat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Daha sonra Kongre ( T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi ) bir okulda topland\u0131. ( Muhabir s\u0131ralara bak\u0131p buran\u0131n okul oldu\u011funu tahmin ediyor.) Delegeler s\u0131n\u0131flardan getirilen ve hen\u00fcz m\u00fcrekkep kokan ve \u00fcstleri talebelerin \u00e7ak\u0131lar\u0131 ile \u00e7izilmi\u015f s\u0131ralara oturdular. Ge\u00e7ici ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa \u015eerif Bey\u2019i se\u00e7tiler. K\u00fcrs\u00fc yan\u0131na e\u011filmi\u015f olarak bir hoca duruyordu. Rahlesinin \u00fczerinde muhafazas\u0131 i\u00e7inde sakal\u0131 \u015ferif vard\u0131. Hocan\u0131n ba\u015f ucunda bir besmele as\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa k\u00fcrs\u00fcye gelerek m\u00fcttefiklerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bar\u0131\u015f projelerinde Wilson\u2019un prensiplerini dikkate almad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Milli hareketin  ba\u015flamas\u0131na sebep olarak m\u00fcttefiklerin tutumlar\u0131n\u0131  anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     . . . . . Kongre\u2019de (Mecliste) i\u00e7lerinde \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ka\u00e7ak olarak gelen 50 \u00fcye ile 120 delege haz\u0131r bulunuyordu. Mebuslar \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin mebus se\u00e7iminde tatbik etti\u011fi bir sisteme g\u00f6re se\u00e7iliyordu. Aralar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul  Parlementosu s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc (Reisi) Celalettin Arif Bey de bulunuyordu. Bu zat 120 kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00fct\u00fcn yolu at s\u0131rt\u0131nda katetmi\u015fti. Neticede meclisin ikinci ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Fevzi Pa\u015fa ise Savunma Bakan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c SULTAN \u0130NG\u0130L\u0130ZLER\u0130N ES\u0130R\u0130D\u0130R \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Paul Williams, Mustafa Kemal\u2019den almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyanat\u0131 gazetesine iletirken giri\u015finde \u201c Mustafa Kemal\u2019in bana ilk  s\u00f6z\u00fc \u015fu oldu: (Hala \u0130ngiltere ve M\u00fcttefiklerinin tatbiki imkans\u0131z ve g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 olan bar\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 geri alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit etmekteyiz. Fakat bu \u00fcmidimizi kaybedersek,d\u0131\u015fardan bir yard\u0131m g\u00f6rmesek bile bu \u015fartlar\u0131 iste\u011fimizle kabul edecek de\u011filiz ) ifadesini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Muhabir daha sonra kendi deyimiyle  T\u00fcrk lidere \u015fu soruyu y\u00f6neltmi\u015fti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     -\u201c Milliyet\u00e7iler \u0130stanbul\u2019daki T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmetini nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     -\u201c \u0130ngilizlerin hakimiyeti alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Biz bu h\u00fck\u00fcmeti tan\u0131m\u0131yoruz. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– “Ya sultan?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-\u201c Sultan \u0130ngilizlerin esiridir. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 her emir burada bir \u0130ngiliz emiri olarak kabul edilmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ise bizim d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar h\u00fcr olmadan halifelik salahiyetini kullanamaz. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 fetvalar \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda birer \u0130ngiliz h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak telakki edilmektedir. Sultan bu durumu biliyor. Bug\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taktirde salahiyetini kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131 kendisine Anadoludaki milliyet\u00e7i dini liderler taraf\u0131ndan evvelce bildirilmi\u015fti. \u015eimdi halifenin yerine bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 araman\u0131n zaman\u0131 de\u011fildir. O\u2019nu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tesirinden kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130LK MECL\u0130STEN ANILAR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00dcRK\u0130YE CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N KURULU\u015eUNA G\u0130DEN YOLDA \u0130LK ADIM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     ANKARA\u2019da 23 Nisan 1920\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 21 May\u0131s 1923\u2019te tamamlayan ilk B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zellikleriyle de tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu tarih, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkemizde demokratik ya\u015fam\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn olarak kabul edilirken o karanl\u0131k g\u00fcnlerde bir umut \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi do\u011fan meclise kat\u0131lanlar g\u00fc\u00e7 \u015fartlar i\u00e7inde \u00f6zveriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, kutsal vatan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmandan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve daha sonra T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa giden yolda geceyi g\u00fcnd\u00fcze katarak \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Aralar\u0131nda posta m\u00fcvezziinden dava vekiline, \u00fcreticisinden a\u015firet reisine kadar de\u011fi\u015fik meslekten ki\u015filerin bulundu\u011fu TBMM \u00fcyeleri bu tarihi g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirirken t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7indeydiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AYLARCA MAA\u015e ALAMADILAR<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Se\u00e7ildikten sonra kimileri halk\u0131n toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 parayla, kimileri de ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bah\u00e7esini satarak Ankara\u2019ya gelen ilk meclis \u00fcyeleri, TBMM h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin parasal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131t olu\u015fu nedeniyle aylarca maa\u015f alamad\u0131lar. Ankara halk\u0131ndan ve yurdun di\u011fer yerlerinden toplanan paralarla Ulusal m\u00fccadeleyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu durum 8 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Daha sonra ise b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zveride bulundular ve 100 lira olan ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n be\u015fte bir oran\u0131nda indirilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan teklifi kabul ederek uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130LK YASA : K\u00d6YL\u00dc YARARINA<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin, Ankara\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Padi\u015fah ve onun taraftarlar\u0131yla i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda endi\u015fe yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6ylentilerle meclisin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 baltalamaya, halk\u0131 meclis aleyhine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda da yeni meclisin, hayvan ba\u015f\u0131na al\u0131nan vergiyi artt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylentisi ba\u015fta gelmekteydi. Bu s\u00f6ylenti halk aras\u0131nda tedirginlik yarat\u0131rken, meclis tek c\u00fcmlelik yasa \u00e7\u0131kararak hayvanlar i\u00e7in al\u0131nan verginin eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi tahakkuk ettirilmesini karara ba\u011flad\u0131. Bu TBMM\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 numaral\u0131 yasa olurken, bunu meclisin me\u015frulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, vatan hainlerine verilecek cezalar\u0131 belirtmek amac\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201c H\u0131yanet-i Vataniye \u201c Yasas\u0131 izledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Meclis, g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 19\u2019u gizli olmak \u00fczere 553 oturum yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu oturumlar i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131ca 170 gizli celse yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk gizli oturum ise , a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan bir g\u00fcn sonra 24 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu oturumda Mustafa Kemal 19 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 23 Nisan 1920\u2019ye kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 meclis \u00fcyelerine anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Saatler s\u00fcren bu oturum Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u015fu s\u00f6zleri ile sona ermi\u015fti: \u201c Millete istiklal temin edecek g\u00fcne kadar bir fert olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn mevcudiyetimle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mukaddesat\u0131m \u00fczerine s\u00f6z vermi\u015fimdir. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fc burada tekrar etmekle \u015feref duyar\u0131m. Yaln\u0131z ve yaln\u0131z bir \u015fey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye mecburuz. O da memleketin kurtulu\u015fudur. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130LK ANAYASA<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten 8 ay 27 g\u00fcn sonra ilk Anayasay\u0131 kabul etti. 20 Ocak 1921 g\u00fcn\u00fc kabul edilen anayasa, \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fullar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O zaman ki ad\u0131yla Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re t\u00fcm yetkiler mecliste toplan\u0131yordu. Buna g\u00f6re ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi Fransa\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir sistem \u201c Meclis \u2013 H\u00fck\u00fcmet sistemi \u201c uygulanacak, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkileri meclise verilecekti. \u201c Hakimiyet kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z milletindir \u201c ilkesinin yerald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anayasaya g\u00f6re Bakanlar Kurulu \u00fcyeleri de meclis taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmekteydi. TBMM\u2019ye ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler veren bu anayasa 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikincisi kabul edilene kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bu meclisin g\u00f6revde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 332 kanun ve 389 karar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 12 konuda  tefsirde bulunuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00dcRS\u00dcDE KARA \u00d6RT\u00dc<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bursa\u2019n\u0131n 9 Temmuz 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali, t\u00fcm yurtta oldu\u011fu gibi TBMM\u2019de de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc yaratm\u0131\u015f,bu \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ni\u015fanesi olarak verilen bir \u00f6nergeyle meclis k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcne siyah bir \u00f6rt\u00fc konulmu\u015ftu. Bu \u00f6rt\u00fc iki y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcreyle burada kald\u0131. Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Meydan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk ordunun zaferiyle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrk s\u00fcvarileri dolu dizgin \u0130zmir\u2019e do\u011fru ilerlerken 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 g\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u00dcY\u00dcK M\u0130LLET MECL\u0130S\u0130 ADINI MUSTAFA KEMAL VERD\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                     \u0130lk Meclis toplan\u0131rken ad\u0131n\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftu. Baz\u0131 \u00fcyeler, bunun bir \u201c Dan\u0131\u015fma Meclisi \u201c olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle  \u201cKurultay \u201c olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isterken  , baz\u0131lar\u0131 da \u201c Meclis-i Kebir \u201c (B\u00fcy\u00fck Meclis) olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekteydi. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201c Kurucu Meclis \u201c\u0130htilal Meclisi \u201c isimlerini savunanlar da vard\u0131. Bu sorunu da meclis \u00fcyeleriyle yap\u0131lan bir saatlik toplant\u0131da Mustafa Kemal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmledi: Yeni meclisin ad\u0131 \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u201c olacakt\u0131. Bu, halk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan bir meclise verilebilecek en g\u00fczel isimdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta BMM\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Kelimesi yoktu. TBMM s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri, 1921 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcnden \u00f6nce yaln\u0131z bir kere, 21 Te\u015frinievvel ( Ekim ) 1920 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan  bir beyannamede kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Meclisin 20 Ocak 1921 tarihinde kabul etti\u011fi Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye (Anayasa )\u2019n\u0131n 3. maddesi \u201c T\u00fcrkiye Devleti B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan idare  olunur ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc getiriyordu. B\u00f6ylece yasa, yar\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yeni T\u00fcrk Devletine do\u011fru ad\u0131m atarken onun meclisi de TBMM ad\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f oluyordu. Cumhuriyetin ilan edilmesini sa\u011flayan 29 Ekim 1923 tarihli yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Reisicumhur\u2019u  T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Umumiyesi taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcyle bir anayasal metinde ilk kez T\u00fcrkiye kelimesini BMM\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na getirdi. Bug\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi s\u00f6zleri b\u00f6ylece anayasaya ve dilimize de yerle\u015fmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK: Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrkiye ansiklopedisi cilt 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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ATAT\u00dcRK\u2019\u00dcN T\u00dcRK \u00c7OCUKLARINA ARMA\u011eANI<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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23 N\u0130SAN NASIL BAYRAM OLDU ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c Milli Bayram \u201c olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131, bir y\u0131l sonra ayn\u0131 tarihte kabul edilen bir yasayla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Sinop Milletvekili Sami Hakk\u0131, Saruhan Milletvekili Refik \u015eevket ve 18 arkada\u015f\u0131 imzalad\u0131klar\u0131 ortak \u00f6nergeyle bu g\u00fcn\u00fc ( 23 Nisan  ) \u201c Millet hat\u0131ras\u0131nda devaml\u0131 olarak ya\u015fatmak i\u00e7in 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn Milli Bayram olarak kabul edilmesini istemi\u015flerdi. \u00d6nerge 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc Meclisin 24. birle\u015fiminde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u00d6nergeyle ilgili olarak s\u00f6z alan baz\u0131 milletvekilleri , \u201c Bu gibi bayramlar\u0131n milletin kalbinden do\u011faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 , Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi g\u00fcnlerde 23 Nisan\u0131n bayram olarak kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn erken olaca\u011f\u0131 \u201c yolunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirttiler. Onlara g\u00f6re bu, ancak d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fclkeden tamamen  temizlendikten sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Ancak Saruhan Milletvekili Mahmut Celal ( Bayar ) Bey, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131   konu\u015fmayla \u00f6nergenin kabul\u00fcn\u00fc savundu. Mahmut Celal Bey, \u201c Bu \u00f6yle bir bayram ki bunun \u00fczerinde hi\u00e7bir bayram d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. \u0130nsafla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeli. Bug\u00fcn \u00f6yle bir g\u00fcn ki burada y\u00fcksek meclisiniz toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fte millet kurtulu\u015f ve mutluluk berat\u0131n\u0131 o g\u00fcn alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve in\u015fallah bu sonuna kadar devam edecek, \u0130zmir\u2019i de alaca\u011f\u0131z \u201c dedi. Di\u011fer baz\u0131 milletvekillerinin de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f belirtmesi \u00fczerine \u00f6nerge kabul edildi ve 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c Milli Bayram \u201c olarak kutlanmas\u0131 kesinle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Tarih 23 Nisan 1921\u2019di. T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f  Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc , T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin hen\u00fcz kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde ilk meclisin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi \u201c Ulusal Bayram \u201c olarak kabul ediliyor, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de milli bayramlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en eskisi olma niteli\u011fini kazan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Mustafa Kemal TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n milli bayram olarak kabul\u00fc nedeniyle Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u015fu telgraf\u0131 \u00e7ekti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201cYeni ve y\u00fcce bir tarihe ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olan bu kutlu g\u00fcn\u00fc milletin hat\u0131ras\u0131nda ebediyen ya\u015fatmak \u00fczere meclisimiz bug\u00fcn 23 Nisan tarihinin milli bayram say\u0131lmas\u0131na bir \u00f6zel kanunla kabul etmi\u015ftir. Bu mukaddes tarihi olu\u015fturan milli m\u00fccadelenin en canl\u0131 ve fedakar etkeni bulunan Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Heyetlerini co\u015fkuyla tebrik ederim.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7OCUKLARA ARMA\u011eAN<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Ulusal  Egemenlik Bayram\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131 olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ise bu tarihten 6 y\u0131l sonra 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n toplumun en de\u011ferli, \u00fczerinde titrenilmesi, \u00f6zenle yeti\u015ftirilmesi gereken bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren, iyi e\u011fitilmesini isteyen Atat\u00fcrk, 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ulusal Egemenlik Bayram\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131 olarak kutlanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Bu iste\u011fini yine kendisinin kurdu\u011fu \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumu bir bildiri ile \u00fclkeye duyurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     1928 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren 23 Nisan\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmleri \u201c Ulusal Egemenlik ve \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131 \u201c olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. O y\u0131ldan ba\u015flanarak \u201c \u00c7ocuk Haftalar\u0131 \u201c d\u00fczenlendi. Hafta boyunca \u015fenlikler yap\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00e7ocuk balolar\u0131 d\u00fczenleniyordu. Bundan bir s\u00fcre sonra da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n o g\u00fcn sembolik olarak y\u00f6neticilik yapmas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n bayram\u0131 1979 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak evrensel bir nitelik kazand\u0131. UNESCO  toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde bulunan \u00fclkelerde de 23 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c \u00c7ocuk g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201c olarak kutlanmas\u0131 kabul edildi. B\u00f6ylece 23 Nisan evrensel bir bayram niteli\u011fi kazan\u0131rken, TRT\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u00e7ocuk \u015fenli\u011finde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 dilleri, dinleri, \u0131rklar\u0131 ne olursa olsun o g\u00fcn bir araya gelip karde\u015flik ve sevgi duygular\u0131 i\u00e7inde bu bayram\u0131 birlikte kutlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ertan \u00dcNAL \u015eubat 2005 \u201c EGEMENL\u0130K KAYITSIZ \u015eARTSIZ M\u0130LLET\u0130ND\u0130R ! \u201c Ankara Milletvekili Mustafa Kemal, 23 Nisan\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flayan mecliste yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201c Bu meclis, T\u00fcrk Milleti i\u00e7in \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 yapacak ve onun neticesinde milletin istedi\u011fi devleti kuracak olan milli meclistir\u201d diyordu.                      Mustafa Kemal, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ulusundan alan milli bir meclisin toplanmas\u0131 fikrini daha 19 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":48,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11,12,5,9,4,8,3,7,10,6,2],"class_list":["post-16","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-23-nisan","tag-23-nisan-nasil-bayram-oldu","tag-ankara","tag-istiklal-savasi","tag-kurtulus-savasi","tag-milli-egemenlik","tag-milli-mucadele","tag-mustafa-kemal-ataturk","tag-turk-devleti","tag-turkiye-buyuk-millet-meclisi","tag-turkiye-cumhuriyeti"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi.jpg",900,670,false],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi.jpg",900,670,false],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi.jpg",900,670,false],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi-600x670.jpg",600,670,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi-600x600.jpg",600,600,true],"full":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/02\/meclisacilisi.jpg",900,670,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16\/revisions\/40"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/48"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}