{"id":95,"date":"2005-06-01T18:47:01","date_gmt":"2005-06-01T18:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/?p=95"},"modified":"2025-11-21T18:49:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T18:49:33","slug":"dolmus-nasil-dogdu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/?p=95","title":{"rendered":"DOLMU\u015e NASIL DO\u011eDU ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130stanbullular, hem ucuz, hem de rahat olunca tramvay ve otob\u00fcs\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131p ona y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdi<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ertan \u00dcNAL<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haziran 2005<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul halk\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 y\u0131ld\u0131r hizmet veren dolmu\u015f, A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit\u00a0 ad\u0131ndaki \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn bulu\u015fudur. Bu bulu\u015fla halk, belli semtlere taksilerden bile ucuz \u00fccretle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken, belediye buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, y\u0131llarca dolmu\u015fu tan\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130STANBULLULAR, 1931 YAZINDA B\u0130RB\u0130RLER\u0130NE AYNI SORUYU SORUYORDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BUNUN ADI NE ? NE TAKS\u0130, NE OTOB\u00dcS ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkeyi etkisi alt\u0131na alan ekonomik bunal\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da i\u015fsiz kalan \u015fof\u00f6rlerin , belli g\u00fczergahlarda adam ba\u015f\u0131 para alarak topluca yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, ba\u015fta belediye olmak \u00fczere herkesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f, bu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa isim koymakta zorlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. O\u2019nun ad\u0131 Dolmu\u015ftu ve tam 23 y\u0131l resmi izin verilmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KALEM gibi ince ve zarif minareleri g\u00f6\u011fe do\u011fru y\u00fckselen Ata yadigar\u0131 camilerin, temelinde mitolojik \u00f6yk\u00fclerin yerald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi K\u0131z Kulesi\u2019sinin, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ac\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhte\u015fem saraylar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir simgesi haline gelen dolmu\u015f, 1929\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Amerika\u2019da  ba\u015flayan ve giderek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi de etkileyen ekonomik bunal\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir T\u00fcrk \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bulu\u015fuyla d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6zlerini a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O y\u0131llarda \u2013 1931\u2019lerde \u2013 \u0130stanbul b\u00f6ylesine milyonlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sokaklar\u0131n \u2018 \u0130nsan seline \u2018 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kent haline gelmemi\u015fti hen\u00fcz. Kentte kara ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 emektar tramvaylar, yeni yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan ve say\u0131lar\u0131 pekaz olan otob\u00fcsler ve 600\u2019e yak\u0131n taksiyle sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. Tramvay ve Otob\u00fcsler daha \u00e7ok dar gelirli diyebilece\u011fimiz ki\u015filerin tercih etti\u011fi ara\u00e7lard\u0131. Ama sabah ve ak\u015fam saatlerinde binmek kabil de\u011fildi. Bir \u00e7oklar\u0131 \u2018 Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u2018 ya\u015fam i\u00e7in de\u011fil de paras\u0131zl\u0131ktan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc tercih ediyordu. Taksiye binmek ise l\u00fcks say\u0131l\u0131yordu ve her babayi\u011fitin harc\u0131 de\u011fildi. Daha \u00e7ok i\u015fadamlar\u0131 ve zenginler taksilerin m\u00fc\u015fterileri aras\u0131nda yeral\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015eS\u0130ZL\u0130K \u00c7I\u011e G\u0130B\u0130 ARTIYOR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     1929 bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkileri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de hissedilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131nca taksi \u015fof\u00f6rlerini de herkes gibi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ald\u0131. \u0130\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda panik yaratan iflaslar birbirini izlerken, kepenkler pe\u015fpe\u015fe iniyor, fiyatlar ise y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131yla durmadan y\u00fckseliyordu. Yaln\u0131z i\u015fadamlar\u0131 de\u011fil, hemen herkes ayn\u0131 korkuyu payla\u015fmakta, i\u015fsizlik korkusu bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek y\u00fcrekleri sarmaktayd\u0131.  Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kuru\u015flar\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131p taksiye binenler birer iki\u015fer ortadan kaybolmu\u015f, ucuz i\u015fi tramvaylar\u0131 tercih etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u015eof\u00f6rler i\u015fsizlik kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda meslek de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, i\u00e7lerinden biri A\u015fc\u0131 Halit buldu\u011fu y\u00f6ntemle \u2013 asl\u0131nda denizde y\u0131llard\u0131r uygulan\u0131yordu \u2013 dolmu\u015fun \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00f6nceleri Ca\u011falo\u011flu\u2019ndaki lokantas\u0131nda a\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yordu. Lokantas\u0131na gelip giden \u015fof\u00f6rleri g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e imrenmi\u015f, \u015fof\u00f6r olmaya heveslenmi\u015f, sonunda lokantas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131p bir Ford otomobil alarak yeni mesle\u011fine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Talihi de yard\u0131m etti\u011finden bir de \u2018 abonman \u2018 m\u00fc\u015fteri bulmu\u015ftu. Herg\u00fcn onu Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki evinden al\u0131p Emin\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ndeki i\u015f yerine getiriyor, saat ne yazarsa O\u2019nu al\u0131yordu: 80 kuru\u015f. Bug\u00fcn bize g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 gelen bu rakamla o y\u0131llarda en iyisinden semiz bir tavuk almak kabildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit , ekonomik buhran abonman m\u00fc\u015fterisini de etkileyince bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve buldu da:: \u2018 M\u00fc\u015fterisi ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne giden 3 ki\u015fi daha buldu\u011fu takdirde saatin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 rakam\u0131 d\u00f6rde b\u00f6lecek,\u00a0 herbirinden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tahsil edecek, b\u00f6ylece taksiyle yolculuk da ucuza gelecekti. M\u00fc\u015fterisinin bu y\u00f6ntemi kabul etmesi ve \u2018\u00a0 Taksi arkada\u015f\u0131 \u2018 bulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine hemen servise ba\u015flad\u0131. Sabah servisini yapt\u0131ktan sonra tramvay duraklar\u0131nda bekleyen kalabal\u0131\u011fa yana\u015f\u0131yor, bir g\u00f6z\u00fc yakalanmamak i\u00e7in dikiz aynas\u0131nda , \u201c 10 kuru\u015f. Tramvaya verece\u011fin paray\u0131 bana ver. Seni Taksime g\u00f6t\u00fcreyim \u201c diyerek yolcu topluyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BUNUN ADI NE ?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     Do\u011frusu ya, o g\u00fcne kadar taksiye uzaktan adeta \u201c Saltanat Arabas\u0131\u201d gibi bakan \u0130stanbullular dolmu\u015ftan pek ho\u015fnut kalm\u015flard\u0131. Nas\u0131l kalmas\u0131nlar ki, bir tramvay bileti paras\u0131na, hem de iti\u015fip kak\u0131\u015fma olmadan, canlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye at\u0131p salk\u0131m, sa\u00e7ak demirlere as\u0131lmadan, otomobilin rahat koltuklar\u0131na kurulup, \u00e7evrede tan\u0131d\u0131klara da hava atarak rahat\u00e7a yolculuk yapabiliyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ilk dolmu\u015f hatt\u0131 Karak\u00f6y- Taksim aras\u0131nda do\u011fdu.  \u00dccreti ise 10 kuru\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Kendileri bo\u015f otururken, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit\u2019in durmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren taksi \u015fof\u00f6rleri de bu yeni modaya uymakta gecikmediler. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6n cama \u201c 10 kuru\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 karton ast\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Gazeteler de bu yeni toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgiyle izliyor, ancak isim bulam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Cumhuriyet Gazetesi konuya ili\u015fkin ilk haberinde \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Otomobilleri eski olan baz\u0131 \u015fof\u00f6rler otob\u00fcsler gibi m\u00fc\u015fteri alarak baz\u0131 hatlarda adam ba\u015f\u0131na onar kuru\u015f \u00fccretle i\u015flemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu suretle 60 otomobil Karak\u00f6y- Beyo\u011flu ve Emin\u00f6n\u00fc \u2013 Taksim aras\u0131nda i\u015flemek istemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Adam ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fccret almak suretiyle yolcu nakletmek otob\u00fcslere ait oldu\u011fundan belediye bu gibi otomobillerin i\u015flemesine m\u00fcsaade etmeyecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Cumhuriyet , 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1931 g\u00fcn\u00fcne ili\u015fkin say\u0131s\u0131nda \u201c Bunun ad\u0131 ne, ne taksi, ne otob\u00fcs ? \u201c ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda haberin geli\u015fmesini \u015f\u00f6yle veriyordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c Baz\u0131 taksi otomobillerin onar kuru\u015fa \u00fc\u00e7 adam alarak Beyo\u011flu ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda otob\u00fcs \u015feklinde i\u015flemeye karar verdi\u011fini, fakat belediyenin buna muvafakat etmedi\u011fini ( izin vermedi\u011fini ) d\u00fcnk\u00fc n\u00fcsham\u0131zda yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. D\u00fcn de baz\u0131 otomobiller bu suretle i\u015flemi\u015fler, \u015fof\u00f6rler \u00e7e\u015fitli semtlerde \u201c On kuru\u015fa bir adam \u201c diye ba\u011f\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat bu hareketleri belediye taraf\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eof\u00f6rler bu suretle otomobil i\u015fletmenin kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, taksiden daha ucuza adam naklettiklerini\u00a0 pek hakl\u0131 olarak s\u00f6ylemektedir \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRAMVAY \u0130\u015eLETMES\u0130 Y\u00d6NET\u0130C\u0130LER\u0130 KIZGIN<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     Dolmu\u015f Harekat\u0131 \u2013 belediyenin atl\u0131, bisikletli ve motorize polislerle \u2013 \u00f6nleme \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u2013 di\u011fer \u015fof\u00f6rlerin de kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcrken i\u015f resmiyete d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc. \u015eof\u00f6rler Cemiyeti Katibi Necat Bey, 50 \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dilek\u00e7eyle \u015fehremanetine ba\u015fvurdu. \u015eof\u00f6rler dilek\u00e7elerinde \u201c Arabalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferlerine oranla daha eski model oldu\u011funu, bu y\u00fczden m\u00fc\u015fteri bulamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u201c belirterek taksi \u00fccretlerinden daha ucuz bir \u00fccretle tramvay g\u00fczergah\u0131nda belirli noktalar aras\u0131nda yolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma izni \u201c istemi\u015flerdi . \u015eehremaneti yetkilileri halka ucuzluk vadeden ve asl\u0131nda dolmu\u015fu me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran  bu dilek\u00e7eyi hemen reddettiler. \u201c Olacak \u015fey de\u011fil \u201c diyorlard\u0131. \u201c Taksi otob\u00fcs \u015feklinde m\u00fcteaddit kimseyi al\u0131p yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yamaz. Hem b\u00f6yle bir durumda paray\u0131 kim verecek ? “<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u015f\u00f6yle denildi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Birbirini tan\u0131yan d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi paray\u0131 i\u00e7lerinden birinin vermesi \u015fart\u0131yla taksi tutup diledikleri yere gidebilirler. Ama birbirini tan\u0131mayan yolcular\u0131 adam ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fccret al\u0131p bir semtten di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, taksi talimatnamesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan reddedilmi\u015ftir. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Taksilerin ad\u0131 konmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte dolmu\u015f yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar\u0131 tramvaylara olmu\u015ftu. O devir \u0130stanbul\u2019unda ula\u015f\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken tramvaylar\u0131n yolcu say\u0131s\u0131nda  azalma olmas\u0131 \u015firket y\u00f6neticilerini \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6fkesinden sa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yolacak hale gelen bir yetkili bas\u0131na \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yap\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c Yaln\u0131z otob\u00fcsler de\u011fil, otomobillerin de bu faaliyeti tramvay m\u00fcnakalesi \u00fczerinde m\u00fcessir ( etkili ) oldu. Bunlara m\u00fcsamaha edilecek olursa tramvay kumpanyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterileri yaln\u0131zca pasolulardan ibaret kalacakt\u0131r. Bu duruma mani olunmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemekteyiz. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c \u015eA\u015eILACAK B\u0130R MANTIK \u201c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                        Gazetelerde de, dolmu\u015f \u015fof\u00f6rlerine hak veren yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlan\u0131yor, belediye \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olarak baz\u0131 \u201c Yabanc\u0131 \u015firketleri  \u201c kollamakla su\u00e7lan\u0131yordu. Bunlardan Cumhuriyet Gazetesi\u2019nin 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1931 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda \u201c \u015ea\u015f\u0131lacak bir mant\u0131k \u201c ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan makale \u015f\u00f6yleydi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Baz\u0131 otomobil   \u015fof\u00f6rleri onar kuru\u015fa \u00fc\u00e7 yolcu alarak Beyo\u011flu ile \u0130stanbul ( Taksim\u2019le Karak\u00f6y ) aras\u0131nda i\u015flemeye karar verdiler. Fakat belediye buna mani oldu. Bu seferlerin meni (yasaklanmas\u0131 ) i\u00e7in belediye taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan mant\u0131\u011fa \u015fa\u015fmamak kabil de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Belediye esbab-\u0131 mucize ( gerektiren nedenler ) olarak bu \u015fekildeki seferlerin ne taksi talimatnamesine, ne de otob\u00fcs talimatnamesine tevafuk edemedi\u011fini ( uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ) s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Otob\u00fcs talimatnamesine tabi olmak demek yolculara bilet vermek ve bu meyanda Gazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc hissesi vesaire almak gibi ufak tefek baz\u0131 \u015feraite ( \u015fartlara ) riayet etmek demektir. Taksi talimatnamesine tabi olmak demek taksi \u00fccretlerinden fazla para almamak demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bu otomobiller fazla para al\u0131yorlarsa belediyeye hak vermek gerekir. Fakat az al\u0131yorlarsa taksi \u00fccretini a\u015fmayan bir muameleye belediye nas\u0131l kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acaba bir f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 halka bedava ekmek verse veya bir otomobil bedava yolcu ta\u015f\u0131sa belediye buna da m\u00fcdahale edecek mi? \u2018 Hay\u0131r, mutlaka para alacaks\u0131n\u0131z \u2018 diyebilecek midir ?\u00a0 Tabi hay\u0131r. O halde belediyenin az \u00fccretle bir otomobile binenlere ve bu yolcular\u0131 otomobillerine bindirip ta\u015f\u0131yan \u015fof\u00f6rlere m\u00fcdahalesi hi\u00e7 de yerinde de\u011fildir diyoruz \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANAYASAYA AYKIRIDIR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcp giderken, \u0130stanbul m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131 M\u00fclkiye Ba\u015fm\u00fcfetti\u015fi Hac\u0131 H\u00fcsn\u00fc Bey, \u0130stanbul Belediyesine bir yaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek bu \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan otomobillerin seferden al\u0131konulmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini\u00a0 soruyordu. Hac\u0131 H\u00fcsn\u00fc Bey, bu m\u00fcdahalenin Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanununa ( Anayasaya) muhalif ( ayk\u0131r\u0131 ) oldu\u011funu beyan ederek ticarete mani olmak \u015feklinde yorumluyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c BELED\u0130YE HAKLIDIR \u201c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     Olay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri sessizce izleyen Vali Muhittin ( \u00dcst\u00fcnda\u011f ) Bey, kamuoyunun dolmu\u015fu sempatiyle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve benimsedi\u011finin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra sessizli\u011fini bozarak \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c \u015eehirdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn vesaiti nakliye\u2019nin belediye nizamat\u0131na itaat etmeleri mecburidir. Her nakil vas\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 talimatnamesi vard\u0131r ve bu nakil vas\u0131tas\u0131 da bu talimatnamenin i\u015faret etti\u011fi \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Halbuki \u015fof\u00f6rlerin bu te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc hi\u00e7bir nizamnameye muvaf\u0131k de\u011fildir. E\u011fer onlar otob\u00fcs gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istiyorlarsa otob\u00fcs talimatnamesine, otomobil gibi servis yapmak istiyorlarsa otomobil talimatnamesine riayet etmek mecburiyetindedirler. Bir nakil vas\u0131tas\u0131 bu evsaftan hangisine malik ise o isim alt\u0131nda ve o talimatnameye g\u00f6re i\u015f yapabilir. Belediye noktai nazar\u0131nda hakl\u0131d\u0131r \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOLMU\u015e HATLARI G\u0130DEREK \u00c7O\u011eALIYOR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     Belediye \u201c olmaz \u201c der, Tramvay \u015eirketi y\u00f6neticileri \u00f6fkelerinden ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131rken dolmu\u015f sistemini uygulayan \u015fof\u00f6rlerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yordu. Bir avu\u00e7 \u201c \u00d6nc\u00fc\u201d ye kat\u0131lanlar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131nca say\u0131s\u0131 da artm\u0131\u015f, mevcut hatlara \u015ei\u015fli \u2013 Pangalt\u0131, Fatih \u2013 Beyaz\u0131t hatlar\u0131 da eklenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dolmu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu Amerikan arabalar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. De Soto, Chevrolet, Ford gibi arabalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, konsolosluklar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015fa\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f otolardan sa\u011flanmaktayd\u0131. Bu otolar, tamirhanelerde ustalar\u0131n elinde onar\u0131mdan ge\u00e7iriliyor, ortadan kesilip boylar\u0131 uzat\u0131larak yeni oturma yerleri ekleniyordu. B\u00f6ylece 4-5 ki\u015filik ara\u00e7, 7-8 ki\u015fi alacak hale getiriliyordu ama ortadaki s\u0131rada uzun boylular, \u015fi\u015fmanlar oturmakta b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluk \u00e7ekiyorlard\u0131. Baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6z \u015fof\u00f6rlerin arka s\u0131raya 3 yerine 4 yolcu almas\u0131 da yolculu\u011fu zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu ama ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktayd\u0131. Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dolmu\u015f, biraz da s\u00f6ylenenleri yapmayan ha\u015far\u0131 bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa benziyordu. \u0130stenilen yerde duruyor, istenilen yerden yolcu al\u0131yor \u2013 Duraklar\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llardan s\u00f6zediyoruz- eskilikten kimi zaman ar\u0131za yap\u0131p herkesi yar\u0131 yolda\u00a0 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da oluyordu. Bu dezavantajlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ucuzdu. Kar, ya\u011fmur, \u00e7amur demeden biteviye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta ortahalli ve dar gelirli i\u00e7in bir cankurtaran simidi gibiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BELED\u0130YEN\u0130N \u0130NADI S\u00dcR\u00dcYOR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Belediye bakt\u0131 ki olmuyor, bu kez ucuz bir taksi tarifesi ihdas ederek isteyen \u015fof\u00f6rlerin bu tarifeyi uygulamakta serbest oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u0130lk verilen tarifede a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u00fccreti 26 kuru\u015f oldu\u011fu halde ucuz tarifede bu \u00fccret 14 kuru\u015ftu, ayr\u0131ca her 100 metre i\u00e7in de 40 para al\u0131nmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama belediye yine de dolmu\u015fu tan\u0131m\u0131yor, b\u00f6yle bir sistemin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kabul etmiyordu. Belediyenin bu inad\u0131 dolmu\u015fun do\u011fu\u015fundan tam 23 y\u0131l sonraya yani 1954 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Belediye dolmu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fu resmen tan\u0131yarak ilk tarifeyi verdi. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 4 olan dolmu\u015f hatt\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 150\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015f, \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k Fiat\u2019lar\u0131n, Ford\u2019lar\u0131n Chrysler\u2019lerin yerini daha modern otomobiller alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ilk tarife de \u00fccret 25 ile 150 kuru\u015f aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekteydi. En ucuz hatlardan biri Sirkeci \u2013 Beyaz\u0131t ( 25 kuru\u015f ) en pahal\u0131 hatlardan biri de Kad\u0131k\u00f6y \u2013 Pendik\u2019ti : 150 kuru\u015f. Dolmu\u015f\u2019un toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7indeki yeri ise y\u00fczde 20,2 \u2018 yi bulmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RAK\u0130P D\u0130NLEM\u0130YOR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     1960\u2019lardan sonra Dolmu\u015f\u2019un \u2018 T\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u2018 h\u0131zland\u0131. 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk minib\u00fcslerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra da dolmu\u015f, toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta  \u00f6n planda geliyordu. 1965\u2019te bu alandaki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 30 gibi rekor bir d\u00fczeye eri\u015fti. Yani dolmu\u015f, \u015fehiri\u00e7i ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini tek ba\u015f\u0131na s\u0131rtlam\u0131\u015f gidiyordu. Do\u011fal olarak bunda tramvaylar\u0131n seferden kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n da pay\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda taksi ve dolmu\u015f plakalar\u0131 donduruldu\u011fu zaman taksilerin say\u0131s\u0131 15 bin 203 , dolmu\u015flar\u0131n ise 705 olarak belirlendi. Taksilerin \u00e7o\u011fu dolmu\u015f olarak da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c DOLMU\u015e KALDIRILSIN \u201c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     T\u00fcrkiye \u015eof\u00f6rler ve Otomobilciler Federasyonu taraf\u0131ndan 10 veya 11 kas\u0131m 1970 g\u00fcnleri t\u00fcm yurtta d\u00fczenlenen boykota \u00f6zellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019da kat\u0131l\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu. Gazetelere g\u00f6re kontak kapatma eylemine 50 bin \u015fof\u00f6r kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu nedenle trafik rahatlay\u0131p yollar bo\u015fal\u0131nca otob\u00fcsler \u015ei\u015fli\u2019den Karak\u00f6y\u2019e 20 dakikada gelmi\u015flerdi! Ancak al\u0131nan t\u00fcm tedbirlere ra\u011fmen pek\u00e7ok ki\u015fi yollarda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Boykot s\u0131ras\u0131nda trafi\u011fin rahatlamas\u0131 \u201c Dolmu\u015flar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u201c konusunu g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Ba\u015fta Vali olmak \u00fczere pek\u00e7ok kimse bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunurken, bir\u00e7ok \u0130stanbullu da buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Vali Vefa Poyraz bu konuda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     \u201c Boykot \u015fehir trafi\u011fi konusunda bize bir tecr\u00fcbe kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Dolmu\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri hizmetin yan\u0131s\u0131ra b\u00fcy\u00fck trafik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 da m\u00fc\u015fahade edildi. N\u00fcfusu 3 milyona yakla\u015fan \u0130stanbul\u2019da dolmu\u015flar yak\u0131nda kendili\u011finden i\u015f g\u00f6remez hale geleceklerdir. Bug\u00fcn de  iktisadi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz haldedir. Dolmu\u015f yapan \u015fof\u00f6rlerimizin sosyal ve ekonomik problemlerini hallederek sisteme son vermek en do\u011fru yoldur. \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOLMU\u015e \u2018KABUK \u2018 DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130YOR<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                     Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc hizmete girdikten sonra  k\u0131t\u2019alararas\u0131 da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan, Taksim \u2013 Bostanc\u0131, \u015ei\u015fli- Bostanc\u0131, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y- Taksim gibi seferlerle yolcular\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131t\u2019a de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ta\u015f\u0131yan dolmu\u015flar, 1995\u2019lerden itibaren kabuk de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     De Soto\u2019lar, Ford\u2019lar, Fiat\u2019lar, Chevrolet\u2019ler, Pleymouth\u2019lar, Dodge\u2019ler ve di\u011ferleri birer- iki\u015fer ortadan kaybolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde binlerce yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yarak zamana meydan okuyan ara\u00e7lar, yerlerini Otosan\u2019da \u00fcretilen ve halk\u0131n \u2018 Kar\u0131ncayiyen \u2018 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi sar\u0131 renkli minib\u00fcslere b\u0131rak\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ama yeni ve rahat bu tip minib\u00fcslerin\u00a0 hizmete girdi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerde dolmu\u015fa olan eski ra\u011fbet kaybolmu\u015f gibiydi. Kentte otob\u00fcs \u015febekesinin geni\u015flemesi, hafif rayl\u0131\u00a0 sistemin ve metronun devreye girmesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck kurulu\u015flar\u0131n kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in servis olu\u015fturmas\u0131 , sur d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda midib\u00fcslerin de hizmete girmesi gibi nedenlerle dolmu\u015f adeta kendi kabu\u011funa \u00e7ekilmi\u015f toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131ktaki pay\u0131 da y\u00fczde 11\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ama bu rakamlar neyi g\u00f6sterirse g\u00f6stersin, dolmu\u015fun bir \u0130stanbul ta\u015f\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u0130stanbul da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftiremiyordu, de\u011fi\u015ftiremezdi de…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOLMU\u015e, \u00d6NCE DEN\u0130ZDE BA\u015eLADI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                     TOPLU ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta \u201c Dolmu\u015f \u201c sistemi, san\u0131lan\u0131n aksine \u00f6nce karada de\u011fil, daha motorlu ta\u015f\u0131tlar do\u011fmadan  denizde kay\u0131klarla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eemseddin Sami Bey, \u201c Kamus-u T\u00fcrki \u201c ( T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck ) adl\u0131 eserinde dolmu\u015f\u2019u \u201c iskelede bekleyen, dolunca hareket eden, narh ile ( yetkililerce belirlenen \u00fccret ya da fiyat ) yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yan n\u00f6bet kay\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c olarak tarif eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019nde buharl\u0131 gemi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce yeralan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6ylere toplu ula\u015f\u0131m Pazar ya da n\u00f6bet kay\u0131klar\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz bir defas\u0131nda 40-50 yolcu alabilen kay\u0131klarla sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131. 3 ve 4 \u00e7ifte olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lan bu kay\u0131klar, Sirkeci\u2019de ve Emin\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde belirli iskelelerden dolunca hareket eder, k\u00fcrekleri hamlac\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, kuvvetli, iri yar\u0131 ki\u015filer ayakta \u00e7ekerdi. Y\u00fck de ta\u015f\u0131yan kay\u0131klar, Evkaf Nezareti taraf\u0131ndan bu i\u015fin ehli olan ki\u015filere 2 ya da 3 y\u0131l olmak \u00fczere belirli s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in kiralan\u0131rd\u0131. Kay\u0131k kiralamak isteyen kimsenin deneyimli denizci olmas\u0131, \u0130stanbul k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilmesi ve kaza yapmamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra Pazar kay\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n vakfedilmi\u015f olanlar\u0131 da vard\u0131. Baz\u0131 hay\u0131r sahipleri oturduklar\u0131 yerlerde bir veya iki kay\u0131\u011f\u0131 iskelelere vakfederlerdi. Ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 iskeleler aras\u0131nda i\u015fleyen bu kay\u0131klar\u0131n gelirleri, masraflar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flere harcan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                     Kay\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fccretleri kay\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fcrek say\u0131s\u0131, gidilecek yerin uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 , denizin sakin veya dalgal\u0131 olu\u015funa g\u00f6re fermanla belirlenmekteydi. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1586 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir fermana g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul \u2013 B\u00fcy\u00fckdere aras\u0131nda sefer  yapan Pazar kay\u0131klar\u0131ndan adam ba\u015f\u0131na 30 para yol \u00fccreti al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O d\u00f6nemde de paras\u0131 olanlar istedikleri taktirde k\u0131sa ya da uzun mesafe i\u00e7in kay\u0131k kiralayabilirlerdi. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019nde \u0130stinye\u2019ye kadar yap\u0131lacak bir gezi i\u00e7in tutulacak 6 k\u00fcrekli bir pereme\u2019nin ( Ba\u015f\u0131 ve arkas\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek 13.5 metre boyunda, 4 metre eninde tekne, yelkenle de gidebiliyordu ) \u00fccreti 25 ak\u00e7a olarak saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131,\u00a0 deniz taksisi de diyebilece\u011fimiz peremeler\u2019de \u00fccret gidi\u015f \u2013 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olarak al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YEN\u0130 DOLMU\u015eLAR HER ZAMAN G\u00d6ZDEYD\u0130<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u0130lk dolmu\u015flar, kent i\u00e7inde belediye yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 20 kilometreden h\u0131zl\u0131 gidememekteydi. Daha sonra h\u0131z limiti birara 25 kilometreye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Dolmu\u015fun yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda yaz aylar\u0131nda kentte \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k, spor arabalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu tip ara\u00e7lara binmeyi tercih ederdi. O y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbullular\u0131n en dikkat ettikleri \u015feylerde biri\u00a0 de bindikleri arac\u0131n yeni olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu adet yak\u0131n zamanlara kadar da s\u00fcrecekti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Dolmu\u015fun do\u011fdu\u011fu y\u0131llarda \u201c Evli olmayanlar ve 25 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olanlar \u201c \u015fof\u00f6rl\u00fck yapamazd\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra sab\u0131kas\u0131z olmalar\u0131 gerekmekteydi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0130stanbul\u2019da ilk kez Karak\u00f6y \u2013 Taksim aras\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131na ba\u015flanan dolmu\u015fun hat say\u0131s\u0131, en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeye\u00a0 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, 296 hatta kadar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra minib\u00fcs, midib\u00fcs gibi toplu ta\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n devre girmesiyle s\u00fcrekli azal\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren dolmu\u015flar genelde kent i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, minib\u00fcs ve midib\u00fcsler kentin ana alanlar\u0131ndan gecekondu semtlerine kadar uzanan yollarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte dolmu\u015f hatlar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 2-26 kilometre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyordu. Buna bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse en k\u0131sa hat 1,3 kilometreyle Cerrahpa\u015fa \u2013 Aksaray, en uzun hat ise 26,4 kilometreyle Taksim- Florya hatt\u0131yd\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0130lk dolmu\u015fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehirdeki t\u00fcm otomobil say\u0131s\u0131 700\u2019d\u00fc. Dolmu\u015fun belediye taraf\u0131ndan resmen tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bu rakam 4832\u2019 yi bulmu\u015ftu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Otomobillere sar\u0131- siyah damal\u0131 \u00e7izgi 6 Kas\u0131m 1931 tarihinden itibaren konuldu, plakalarda taksi ve hususi (\u00d6zel ) ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 taksi, dolmu\u015f ve minib\u00fcs say\u0131lar\u0131 donduruldu\u011funda kentte 15 bin 203 taksi, 705 sar\u0131 bantl\u0131 dolmu\u015f ve 3269 minib\u00fcs bulundu\u011fu, taksilerin y\u00fczde\u00a0 80\u2019inin ise taksi- dolmu\u015f olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015fti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130lk dolmu\u015f\u00e7ulardan Saim \u00c7a\u011flas\u0131n\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u201cM\u00dc\u015eTER\u0130 KAPMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NELER YAPMADIK K\u0130… \u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         DOLMU\u015e, 74 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirirken bu toplu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k sistemini karada ba\u015flatan \u015fof\u00f6rlerden \u2013 bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla \u2013 kimse hayatta kalmad\u0131. A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit\u2019ler, Civan Ali\u2019ler, Baba Saim\u2019ler \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini tamamlayarak sonsuzlu\u011fa g\u00f6\u00e7ederken geride kalan yak\u0131nlar\u0131na \u201c Dolmu\u015fun \u00d6nc\u00fcleri \u201c \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Bu \u015fof\u00f6rlerden, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Saim \u00c7a\u011flas\u0131n bize an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken \u201c Belediye ilk y\u0131llarda dolmu\u015fu tan\u0131m\u0131yordu. Pe\u015fimizde polisler m\u00fc\u015fteri toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorduk. Polisleri atlatmak, m\u00fc\u015fteri kapmak i\u00e7in neler yapmad\u0131k ki \u201c demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ehliyet numaras\u0131 3 olan ve\u00a0 yar\u0131m asra yak\u0131n s\u00fcreyi direksiyon ba\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde 6 otomobil eskiten Saim \u00c7a\u011flas\u0131n dolmu\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llara ait bir an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201c PALTONUN SAH\u0130B\u0130N\u0130 BEKL\u0130YORUM \u201c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c Dolmu\u015fa yeni ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u0131llard\u0131. O zamanlar polis bug\u00fcn de oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00fczerinde durmam\u0131za, yolcu beklememize izin vermezdi. Oysa buras\u0131 i\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en kazan\u00e7l\u0131 yerlerden biriydi.\u00a0 Gelgelelim polis korkusundan m\u00fc\u015fterilerden yararlanam\u0131yorduk. Bakt\u0131m, bu i\u015f b\u00f6yle uzay\u0131p gidiyor. Tuttum otomobilin i\u00e7ine bir palto, bir \u015fapka koyup k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde beklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Tabii polisler hemen ensemde . \u2018Onlara m\u00fc\u015fterim vapura kadar gitti. Hastas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p gelecek. \u0130\u015fte paltosu, i\u015fte \u015fapkas\u0131. Bana bir iki dakika m\u00fcsaade edin \u2018 derdim. O zaman bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemezlerdi. Vapur geldi\u011fi zaman da ka\u015fla g\u00f6z aras\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterileri toplay\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Bu usulle bir hayli para kazand\u0131m. Tabii \u015fapka ve paltonun bana ait oldu\u011funu hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00f6\u011frenemediler…\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201c POL\u0130S D\u00dcD\u00dc\u011e\u00dcN\u00dcN KERAMET\u0130 \u201c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

                         Saim \u00c7a\u011flas\u0131n, askerli\u011fini Enver Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n makam \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fc olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, dikkatli s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle Pa\u015fan\u0131n takdirini kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         Dolmu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra seyr\u00fcsefer memurlar\u0131 (trafik polisleriyle ) k\u00f6\u015fe kapmaca oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak onlar\u0131 kand\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Saim \u00c7a\u011flas\u0131n, bu arada say\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artan meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da atlatmas\u0131n\u0131 bilmi\u015f. Hem de polis korkusundan yararlanarak.. Nas\u0131l m\u0131, Onu da kendisinden dinleyelim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         \u201c Beyaz\u0131t hatt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m y\u0131llarda bir polis d\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc edinmi\u015ftim. Bo\u015f olarak \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131kap\u0131\u2019ya geldi\u011fim zaman hemen d\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, \u00e7akt\u0131rmadan \u00f6tt\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Benden \u00f6nce oraya gelen ve m\u00fc\u015fteri bekleyen \u015fof\u00f6rler de polis geliyor zann\u0131yla tas\u0131 tara\u011f\u0131 toplay\u0131p hemen gazlar, uzakla\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Ben de rahat rahat onlar\u0131n bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere yana\u015f\u0131p m\u00fc\u015fteri toplard\u0131m…\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         Saim \u00c7a\u011flas\u0131n, Dolmu\u015fun \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit ve C\u0131van Ali ile y\u0131llarca birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirterek bu iki \u00f6nc\u00fcy\u00fc k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit \u00f6nceleri lokantac\u0131l\u0131k yapard\u0131. Uzun boylu, iri yar\u0131 ve son derece a\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6zd\u00fc. Biz o zamanlar d\u00fckkan\u0131na seyyah ( turist ) g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp getirirdik. Bizi otomobilde g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e imrenir ( Ben de \u015fof\u00f6r olaca\u011f\u0131m ) derdi. Sonunda fazla dayanamad\u0131, lokantas\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131p otomobil ald\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonra da a\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6zl\u00fckte, m\u00fc\u015fteri toplamakta bizleri bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         Yine ilk dolmu\u015f\u00e7ulardan C\u0131van Ali de \u00f6nceleri Emin\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde benzincilik yap\u0131yordu. O da taksi \u015fof\u00f6rleriyle  ahbapl\u0131k ederken meslek de\u011fi\u015ftiriverdi  Do\u011frusu ya ikisi de m\u00fc\u015fteri toplamakta \u00e7ok ustayd\u0131. Vapur iskelesinin \u00f6nleri, tramvay duraklar\u0131 onlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fteri av\u0131 i\u00e7in se\u00e7tikleri yerlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    AHMET RAS\u0130M, \u0130LK OTOMOB\u0130LLER\u0130 ANLATIYOR<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u201c B\u0130ND\u0130N M\u0130 YERY\u00dcZ\u00dcNDE U\u00c7 ! \u201c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                         \u0130stanbul\u2019a ilk otomobil, Osmanl\u0131 Millet Meclisi\u2019nde Basra Milletvekili olarak yer alan hurma kral\u0131 Zehirzade Ahmet Efendi taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda getirilmi\u015fti. Devrin Sultan\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamit, Irak\u2019ta hurma kral\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nan bu ki\u015finin ricas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ramam\u0131\u015f, kendisinin \u00fclkeye bir otomobil getirmesine izin vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         Zehirzade Ahmet Efendi, Avusturya\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu ilk otomobili \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirdi\u011fi zaman adeta yer yerinden oynam\u0131\u015f, pek \u00e7ok \u0130stanbullu bu \u201cAts\u0131z \u201c hareket eden arac\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak say\u0131lar\u0131 daha sonra artan bu otomobiller \u201c g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc \u201c olduklar\u0131 ve  \u201c H\u0131zl\u0131 gittikleri \u2013 saatte 20 kilometre !\u201c i\u00e7in \u015fikayetlere yola\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Devrin \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131ndan Ahmet Rasim otomobil hakk\u0131ndaki bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda latife yollu onun h\u0131z\u0131ndan ( ! ) yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                         \u201c G\u00fcya bizde vesait-i nakliye ( nakil arac\u0131 ) yokmu\u015f gibi bir de otomobil \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bir f\u0131slama, bir kal\u0131n b\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrt\u00fc i\u015fitiyor, bir daha g\u00f6remiyorsunuz. B\u00f6yle gezmenin ne ad\u0131 olur ? Gezme dedi\u011fimiz etraf\u0131 seyr\u00fc tema\u015fa\u2019dan  (yolculuk yaparken etraf\u0131 seyretmekten ) ibarettir. Tramvaylar ne kadar iyidir, Bay\u0131l\u0131r\u0131m, i\u015fin, g\u00fcc\u00fcn yok de\u011fil mi ? Bin Aksaray\u2019dan Oh… Laleli, Beyaz\u0131t, \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131kap\u0131, Sultanahmet, So\u011fuk\u00e7e\u015fme, Sirkeci, Emin\u00f6n\u00fc dedin mi \u00f6\u011fle. Bin geriye Aksaray dedin mi ikindi… A\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fc. \u00c7e\u015fmenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki kahvede biraz e\u011flen. Kalk, ak\u015fam pazar\u0131ndan ne laz\u0131msa al, doldur mendiline. Ver elini hane… Misk.. \u00dc\u00e7 kuru\u015fa devri alem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Otomobil b\u00f6yle mi ya? Bindin mi yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde u\u00e7 !\u00a0 Sirkeci\u2019den bin, sigaran\u0131 yap, Galatadaki d\u00f6ner kebap\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n mangallar\u0131na uzat. Tophane\u2019de bir nefes \u00e7ek. \u00c7ektin mi Ortak\u00f6y\u2019e k\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcfle. Bir daha yeti\u015ftir. Sonra da yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n diye Kuru\u00e7e\u015fme\u2019de at ! \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Halk \u2018 Yava\u015f gidiyor \u2018 diye \u015fikayet ediyordu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    \u201c HIZLI TREN \u201c O ZAMAN DA G\u00dcNDEMDEYD\u0130 AMA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DOLMU\u015eLAR, 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehir i\u00e7inde 20 kilometre h\u0131zla polisin elinden ka\u00e7arak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, TCDD \u2018de de halk\u0131n \u015fikayetleri \u00fczerine trenlerin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu g\u00fcndeme geliyordu. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trenlerin baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde saatte 25 kilometre h\u0131zla gitmesinin yola\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fikayetler giderek art\u0131nca TCDD Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u0131z\u0131n saatte 45 kilometreye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015f, bu arada \u0130stanbul \u2013 Ankara aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrat postas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da karara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Al\u0131nan karara g\u00f6re Ankara S\u00fcrat Postas\u0131 Haydarpa\u015fa\u2019dan herg\u00fcn saat 17.00\u2019de hareket edecek, ertesi g\u00fcn saat 10.40\u2019da Ankara\u2019da olacakt\u0131. S\u00fcrat Postas\u0131nda ( ! ) yolculuk s\u00fcresi 18 saati bulacakt\u0131. Bu \u2018 H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tren\u2019in yolcular\u0131 memnun edip etmedi\u011fi ise bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0130stanbullular, hem ucuz, hem de rahat olunca tramvay ve otob\u00fcs\u00fc b\u0131rak\u0131p ona y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdi Ertan \u00dcNAL Haziran 2005 \u0130stanbul halk\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 y\u0131ld\u0131r hizmet veren dolmu\u015f, A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Halit\u00a0 ad\u0131ndaki \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn bulu\u015fudur. Bu bulu\u015fla halk, belli semtlere taksilerden bile ucuz \u00fccretle ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken, belediye buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, y\u0131llarca dolmu\u015fu tan\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130STANBULLULAR, 1931 YAZINDA B\u0130RB\u0130RLER\u0130NE AYNI SORUYU SORUYORDU BUNUN […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":97,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[103,102,99,101,100],"class_list":["post-95","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-asci-halit","tag-deniz-dolmusu","tag-eski-dolmuslar","tag-istanbul","tag-taksi"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"post_slider_layout_landscape_large":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus.jpg",806,538,false],"post_slider_layout_portrait_large":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus.jpg",806,538,false],"post_slider_layout_square_large":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus.jpg",806,538,false],"post_slider_layout_landscape":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"post_slider_layout_portrait":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus-600x538.jpg",600,538,true],"post_slider_layout_square":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus-600x538.jpg",600,538,true],"full":["http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2005\/06\/ilkdolmus.jpg",806,538,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=95"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/95\/revisions\/96"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=95"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=95"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.ertanunal.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=95"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}